CodeBPS/GB/234
NameBull; Ray (1947-); Professor; HonFBPsS, FBPsS, CPsychol
TitleProfessor
ForenamesRay
SurnameBull
Dates1947-
EpithetHonFBPsS, FBPsS, CPsychol
Parallel NameR Bull
GenderMale
NationalityBritish
DatesAndPlacesExeter University, 1971-1973
University of East London, 1973-1986
Glasgow Caledonian University, 1987-1989
Glasgow University, 1989-1990
Portsmouth University, 1990-2004
University of Leicester, 2004-
AddressLeicester, UK
ActivityDate of Birth: 21/09/1947
Place of Birth: London

University & Professional Qualifications:

B.Sc. Psychology Exeter University 1970
M.Sc.Psychology Exeter University 1973
D.Sc. 1995
BPS Chartered Psychologist, (CPsychol.), 1988

Professional Career:
Research Assistant, Exeter University, 1971-1973
Lecturer, Dept.of Psychology University of East London, 1973-1974
Senior Lecturer, Dept.of Psychology University of East London, 1974-1986
Principal Lecturer, Dept.of Psychology University of East London, 1986
Head of Department & Professor of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1987-1989
Dean of Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Glasgow University, 1989-1990
Professor of Psychology, Portsmouth University, 1990-2004
Professor of Forensic Psychology, University of Leicester, 2004-

Awards:
Honorary Fellow British Psychological Society, 2010
"Special Prize" Scientific Committee of the Fourth International Conference on Investigative Interviewing, 2010
"Senior Academic Award" International Investigative Interviewing Research Group, 2009
Award for "Life-time Contribution to Psychology and Law" European Association of Psychology and Law, 2008
"Award for Distinguished Contributions to Academic Knowledge in Forensic Psychology" British Psychological Society, 2008
Commendation from the London Metropolitan Police, 2005
Elected a Fellow by the Board of Directors of the Association of Psychological Sciences (formerly the American Psychological Society) for "sustained and outstanding distinguished contribution to psychological science" (FAPS), 2009
Fellow British Psychological Society, 1985

Involvement with BPS and other institutions:

British Psychological Society:

Nominated in 2005 to be one of the two representatives of the Society on the Family Justice Council's Expert Witness Training Committee;
Appointed in 2004 to the Conduct and Fitness to Practice Panel;
Appointed in 2003 to the Professional Conduct Board;
Appointed in 2002 (to report publication in 2005) Chair of the Working Party on the Effectiveness of Polygraphic Lie Detection;
Appointed in 1997 to the Accreditation Committee for postgraduate courses in Forensic Psychology;
Appointed in 1991 (to 1993) as Chair of the new Information Committee (overseeing parliamentary, TV, radio, press and other liaison
Appointed in 1991 to the Finances and General Purposes Committee (until 1993);
Appointed in 1989 Chair of the New Standing Committee on the Teaching of Psychology to other Professions (until 1992);
Appointed in 1989 to the Communications Training and Support Group (until 1991);
Elected in 1987 to the Committee of the Scottish Branch (until 1990);
Appointed in 1986 to the Working Party on Psychology for Professional Groups (until 1990);
Appointed in 1986 to the Graduate Admissions Committee of the Membership, Training and Qualifications Board (until 1988);
Appointed in 1985 to the Working Party on 'The Future of the Psychological Sciences' (until 1988);
Appointed in 1985 to the Standing Committee on Ethics in Research with Human Subjects;
Elected in 1984 (to 1986) and in 1979 (to 1981) an Ordinary Member of the Scientific Affairs Board;
Appointed in 1982 (to 1988) one of the two editors of The Bulletin of the British Psychological Society;
Appointed in 1981 (to 1984) a representative of Council on the Scientific Affairs Board;
Elected in 1981 (to 1984) to the Committee of the Division of Criminological and Legal Psychology;
Elected in 1980 (to 1982) an Ordinary Member of Council;
Elected in 1980 (to 1984) to the Committee of the Social Psychology Section;
Appointed in 1979 (to 1985) a member of the Standing Conference Committee;
Elected in 1978 a member of the Division of Criminological and Legal Psychology.

Other institutions:

In 1998 elected (to 2002) President of the Psychology - Law Division of the International Association of Applied Psychology.
In 1997 appointed (to 2002) Chair of the Research Committee of the Department of Psychology at the University of Portsmouth.
In 1997 appointed by the Higher Educational Funding Council for England to its Psychology Advisory Group.
In 1993 appointed (to 1998) to the AHPD/BPS Joint Committee on Resources in Higher Education.
In 1992 appointed Chair (to 1995) of the U.K. Association of Heads of Psychology Departments (AHPD).
In 1992 appointed (to 1995) to the Advisory Board of the University of Surrey's new M.Sc. in Investigative Psychology.
In 1991 (to 1995) elected to the Committee of the Association of Heads of Psychology Departments.
In 1991 accepted the invitation to join (to 1993) the Association of Chief Police Officers' Working Party on Investigative Interviewing.


Sources: Ray Bull's CV.

Compiled by Mike Maskill, BPS Archivist for the History of Psychology Centre.
PublishedWorksPublications:
196. Brownsell, A., and BULL, R. (In press). Magistrates' beliefs concerning verbal and non-verbal behaviours as indicators of deception. European Journal of Psychology in Legal Contexts.
195. BULL, R. (Ed.) (2011). Forensic psychology - a for volume set of readings. London: Sage.
194. Burrell, A. and BULL, R. (2011). A preliminary examination of crime analysts' views and experiences of comparative case analysis. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 13, 5-12.
193. Clarke, C., Milne, R., and BULL, R. (In press). Interviewing suspects of crime: The impact of PEACE training, supervision, and the presence of a supervisor. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling.
192. Drake, K. and BULL, R. (In press). Individual differences in interrogative suggestibility: Life adversity and field-dependence. Psychology, Crime and Law.
191. Fisher, R., Milne, R., & BULL, R. (2011). Interviewing cooperative witnesses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20, 16-19.
190. Holliday, R., Humphries, J., Milne, R., Memon, A., Houlder, L., Lyons, A., & BULL, R. (In press). Reducing misinformation effects in older witnesses with Cognitive Interview mnemonics. Psychology & Aging.
189. Smith, L. and BULL, R. (In press). Identifying and measuring juror pre-trial bias for forensic evidence: Development and validation of the Forensic Evidence Evaluation Bias Scale. Psychology, Crime and Law.
188. Smith, L., BULL, R., and Holliday, R. (In press). Understanding juror perceptions of forensic evidence: Investigating the impact of case context. Journal of Forensic Sciences.
187. Tonkin, M., BULL, R., and Santtila, P. (In press). The linking of burglary crimes using offender behavior: Testing research cross-nationally and exploring methodology. Legal and Criminological Psychology.
186. Walsh, D., and BULL, R. (In press). The investigation and investigative interviewing of benefit fraud suspects in the UK: Historical and contemporary perspectives. In B. Cooper, D. Griesel, and M. Ternes (Eds.) Applied issues in investigative interviewing, eyewitness memory, and credibility assessment. New York: Springer.
185. Walsh, D., and BULL, R. (In press). Benefit fraud investigative interviewing: Investigation professionals' beliefs concerning practice. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling.
184. Walsh, D., and BULL, R. (In press). Still giving 'PEACE' a chance? An examination of the beliefs, attitudes and perceptions of benefit fraud investigation professionals. Social Psychological Review.
183. Walsh, D., and BULL, R. (In press). Examining rapport in investigative interviews with suspects: Does its building and maintenance work? Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology.
182. Walsh, D., and BULL, R. (In press). How do interviewers attempt to overcome suspects' denials? Psychiatry, Psychology and Law.
181. Wilcock, R. and BULL, R. (In press). Novel lineup methods for improving the performance of older eyewitnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
180. BULL, R. (2010). The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable
witnesses: Psychological research and working/professional practice. Legal and
Criminological Psychology, 15, 5-23.
179. BULL, R. and Soukara, S. (2010). A set of studies of what really happens in police interviews with suspects. In G. D. Lassiter and C. Meissner (Eds.) Interrogations and confessions. Washington: American Psychological Association. This book won the 2010 'Book Award' from the American Psychology-Law Society and the 'best book in psychology' award of the Professional/Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers.
178. Walsh, D. and BULL, R. (2010). Interviewing suspects of fraud: An in-depth analysis of interviewing skills. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 38, 99-135.
177. Walsh, D. and BULL, R. (2010). Know your rights? A study comparing fraud investigators approaches to informing suspects of their rights and ensuring they are understood and observed. Cambrian Law Review, 41, 24-39.
176. Walsh, D. and BULL, R. (2010). What really is effective in interviews with suspects? A study comparing interview skills against interview outcomes. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15, 305-321.
175. BULL, R., Valentine, T., and Williamson, T. (Eds.) (2009). Handbook of psychology of investigative interviewing. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
174. BULL, R., Feix, M. and Stein, L. (2009). Detectando mentiras em entrevistas forenses. In S. Rovinski and R. Cruz (Eds.) Psicologia juridica: Perspevtivas teoricas e processos de intervencao. Sao Paulo: Vetor.
173. Curran, J. and BULL, R. (2009). An evaluation of the 'Ross Program'. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 16, S81-S89.
172. Kask, K. and BULL, R. (2009). The effects of different presentation methods on multi-ethnicity face recognition. Psychology, Crime and Law, 15, 73-89.
171. Kask, K. and BULL, R. (2009). From person descriptions to interviewing methods: What can be done to improve child witnesses' testimonies? Trames, 2, 95-108.
170. Shawyer, A., Milne, R., and BULL, R. (2009). Investigative interviewing in the UK. In S. Savage, R. Milne, and T. Williamson (Eds.) International developments in investigative interviewing. Cullompton: Willan.
169. Sleath, E. and BULL, R. (2009). Male rape victim and perpetrator blaming. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 969-988.
168. Soukara, S., BULL, R., Vrij, A., Turner, M., and Cherryman, C. (2009). A study of what really happens in police interviews with suspects. Psychology, Crime and Law, 15, 493-506.
167. Davies, G., Hollin, C., and BULL, R. (Eds.) (2008). Forensic psychology. Chichester: Wiley.
166. Drake, K., BULL, R., and Boon, J. (2008). Interrogative suggestibility, self esteem, and the influence of negative life events. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 13, 299-307.
165. Jamel, J., BULL, R., and Sheridan, L. (2008). An investigation of the specialist police service provided to male rape survivors. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 10, 486-508.
164. Philippon, A., Cherryman, J., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2008). Why is my voice so easily recognized in identity parades? Influence of first impressions on voice identification. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 15, 70-77.
163. Vrij, A., Mann, S., Fisher, R., Leal, S., Milne, R., and BULL, R. (2008). Increasing cognitive load to facilitate lie detection. Law and Human Behavior, 28, 253-265.
162. Wilcock, R., BULL, R., and Milne, R. (2008). Witness identification in criminal cases. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
161. Woodhams, J., Hollin, C., and BULL, R. (2008). Incorporating context in linking crimes: An exploratory study of situational similarity and if-then contingencies. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 5, 1-23.
160. Woodhams, J., Hollin, C., and BULL, R. (2008). The sexual offending of juveniles. In R. Kocsis (Ed.). The psychology of serial violent crimes and their investigation. Totowa, NJ. : Humana Press.
159. Almerigogna, J., Ost, J., BULL, R., and Akehurst, L. (2007). A state of high anxiety: How unsupportive interviewers can increase the suggestibility of child witnesses. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 963-974.
158. BULL, R., Bilby, C., Cooke, C., Grant, T., Hathcher, R., and Woodhams, J. (2007).
Criminal psychology: A beginners' guide. London: One World.
157. Kask, K., BULL, R., Heinla, I., and Davies, G. (2007). The effect of a standard to assist children's person descriptions. Journal of Police and Criminological Psychology, 22, 77-83.
156. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2007). Befragung von opferzeugen unter besonderer berucksichtigung von kindern and personen mit intellectuellen defiziten. In R. Deckers and G. Koehnken (Eds.) Die Erhebung von zeugenaissagen im strafprozess. Berlin:Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag
155. Milne, R., Shaw, G., and BULL, R. (2007). Investigative interviewing: The role of research. In D. Carson, R. Milne, F. Pakes, K. Shalev and A. Shawyer (Eds.) Applying psychology to criminal justice (pp. 65-80). Chichester: Wiley.
154. Philippon, A., Cherryman, C., BULL,R., and Vrij, A. (2007). Earwitness identification performance: The effect of language, target, deliberate strategies, and indirect measures. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 539-550.
153. Philippon, A., Cherryman, C., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2007). Lay people's and police officers' attitudes towards the usefulness of perpetrator voice identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 103-115.
152. Wilcock, R., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2007). Are old witnesses always poorer witnesses? Psychology, Crime and Law, 13, 305-316.
151. Woodhams, J., BULL, R., and Hollin, C. (2007). Case linkage: Identifying crimes committed by the same offender. In R. Kocsis (Ed.). Criminal profiling: International perspectives in theory, practice and research. Totowa, NJ. : Humana Press.
150. Woodhams, J., Hollin, C., and BULL, R. (2007). The psychology of linking crimes: A review of the evidence. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 12, 233-249.
149. Crawford, E. and BULL, R. (2006). Teenagers' difficulties with keywords regarding the criminal court process. Psychology, Crime and Law, 12, 653-667.
148. Crawford. E. and BULL, R. (2006). Child witness support and preparation: Are parents/caregivers ignored? Child Abuse Review, 15, 243-256.
147. Kask, K., BULL, R., and Davies, G. (2006). Trying to improve young adults' person descriptions. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 13, 174-181.
146. Leckie, J., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2006). The development of a scale to discover out-patients' perceptions of the relative desirability of different elements of doctors' communication behaviours. Patient Education and Counselling, 64, 69-77.
145. Mann, S., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2006). Looking through the eyes of an accurate lie detector. Journal of Credibility Assessment and Witness Psychology, 7, 1-16.
144. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2006). Interviewing victims of crime, including children and people with intellectual disabilities. In M. Kebbell and G. Davies (Eds.) Practical psychology for forensic investigations. Chichester: Wiley.
143. Ost, J., Foster, S., Costall, A., and BULL, R. (2005). False reports of childhood events in appropriate interviews. Memory, 13, 700-710.
142. Rose, R., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2005). Non-biased lineup instructions do matter: A problem for older witnesses. Psychology, Crime and Law, 11, 147-159.
141. Waddington, T.A.P., Badger, D., and BULL, R. (2005). The violent workplace. Cullompton: Willan.
140. Waddington, T.A.P., Badger, D., and BULL, R. (2005). Appraising the inclusive definition of 'violence'. British Journal of Criminology, 45, 141-164.
139. Wilcock, R., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2005). Aiding the performance of older eyewitnesses. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 12, 129-141.
138. Akehurst, L., BULL, R., Vrij, A., and Kohnken, G. (2004). The effects of training professional groups and lay persons to use Criteria Based Content Analysis. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 877-891.
137. BULL, R. (2004). Legal psychology in the twenty-first century. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 14, 170-184.
136. BULL, R. (2004). Training: General principles and problems regarding behavioural cues to deception. In P.A. Granhag and L. Stromwall (Eds.) Detecting deception in forensic contexts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
135. BULL, R. and Milne, R. (2004). Attempts to improve police interviewing of suspects. In G.D. Lassiter (Ed.) Interrogations, confessions and entrapment. New York: Plenum.
134. Mann, S., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2004). Detecting true lies: Police officers' ability to detect suspects' lies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 137-149.
133. Nield, R., Milne, R., BULL, R. and Marlow, K. (2004). The Youth Justice And Criminal Evidence Act 1999 and the interviewing of vulnerable groups. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 8, 223-228.
132. Vrij. A., Akehurst, L., Soukara, S. and BULL, R. (2004). Let me inform you how to tell a convincing story: CBCA and reality monitoring scores as a function of age, coaching, and deception. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 36, 113-126.
131. Vrij, A., Akehurst, L., Soukara, S., and BULL, R. (2004). Detecting deceit via analyses of verbal and nonverbal behavior in children and adults. Human Communication Research, 30, 8- 41.
130. BULL, R. and Corran, E. (2003). Interviewing child witnesses: Past and future. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 4, 315-322.
129. Carson, D. and BULL, R. (2003). Handbook of psychology in legal contexts (second edition). Chichester: Wiley.
128. Memon, A., Hope, L., and BULL, R. (2003). Exposure duration: Effects on eyewitness
accuracy and confidence. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 339-354.
127. Memon, A., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2003). Psychology and law: Truthfulness, accuracy and credibility (second edition). Chichester: Wiley.
126. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2003). Does the cognitive interview help children to resist the effects of suggestive questioning? Legal and Criminological Psychology, 8, 21-38.
125. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2003). Interviewing by the police. In D. Carson and R.BULL (Eds.) Handbook of psychology in legal contexts (second edition). Chichester: Wiley.
124. Rose, R., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2003). Enhancing older witnesses' identification performance: Context reinstatement is not the answer. Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services, 1,173-183.
123. Barton, J, Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2002). Questions, preconceptions and reactions: Police use of lethal force in Britain. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 4, 127-138.
122. BULL, R. (2002). Police interviewing. In I. McKenzie and R. Bull (Eds.) Criminal justice research. Aldershot: Ashgate.
121. Mann, S., Vrij, A., and BULL,R. (2002). Suspects, lies, and videotape: An analysis of authentic high-stake liars. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 365-376.
120. Memon, A., Hope, L., Bartlett, J., and BULL,R. (2002). Eyewitness recognition errors: The effects of mugshot viewing and choosing in young and old witnesses. Memory and Cognition, 30, 1219-1227.
119. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2002). Back to basics: A componential analysis of the cognitive interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 743-753.
118. Milne, R., Clare, I., and BULL, R. (2002). Interrogative suggestibility among witnesses with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research In Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 8-17.
117. Ost, J., Costall, A. and BULL, R. (2002). A perfect symmetry? Retractors' experiences of recovering and retracting memories of childhood sexual abuse. Psychology, Crime & Law, 8, 115-181.
116. Soukara, S., BULL, R., and Vrij, A. (2002). Police detectives' aims regarding their interviews with suspects. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 4, 101-114.
115. Vrij, A., Akehurst, L., Soukara, S., and BULL, R. (2002). Will the truth come out? The effect of deception, age, status, coaching, and social skills on CBCA scores. Law and Human Behavior, 26, 261-283.
114. Westcott, H., Davies, G., and BULL, R. (Eds.) (2002). Children's testimony: Psychological research and forensic practice. Chichester: Wiley.
113. BULL, R. (2001). Children and the law. An edited volume plus commentaries, in the Blackwell series of Essential Readings in Developmental Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell.
112. Cherryman, J. and BULL, R. (2001). Police officers' perceptions of specialist investigative interviewing skills. International Journal of Police Science and Management, 3, 199-212.
111. Gozna, L., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2001). The impact of individual differences on perceptions of lying in everyday life and in a high stake situation. Personality and Individual Differences, 31,1203-1216.
110. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (2001). Interviewing witnesses with learning disabilities for legal purposes: A review. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 29, 93-97.
109. Ost, J., Costall, A. and BULL, R. (2001). False confessions and false memories: A model for understanding retractors' experiences. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12, 549-579.
108. Ost, J., Vrij, A., Costall, A. and BULL, R. (2001). Crashing memories and reality monitoring; Distinguishing between perceptions, imaginings and false memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 1-10.
107. Vrij, A., Edward, K., and BULL, R.(2001). Police officers' ability to detect deception: The benefit of indirect deception detection measures. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 6, 185-196.
106. Vrij, A., Edward, K., and BULL, R. (2001). Stereotypical verbal and nonverbal responses while deceiving others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 899-909.
105. Vrij, A., Edward, K., and BULL, R. (2001). People's insight into their own behaviour and speech content while lying. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 373-389.
104. Vrij, A., Harden, F., Edward, K., and BULL, R. (2001). The influence of personal characteristics, stakes and lie complexity on the accuracy and confidence to detect deceit. In R. Roesch, R. Carrado, and R. Dempster (Eds.) Psychology in the courts: International advances in knowledge. Amsterdam: Harwood.
103. Barton, J., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (2000). High speed driving: Police use of lethal force during simulated incidents. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 5, 107-121
102. Cherryman, J. and BULL, R.(2000). Investigative interviewing. In F. Leishman, S. Savage and B. Loveday (Eds.). Core issues in policing (Second edition). London: Longman.
101. Newton, P. Reddy, V., and BULL, R. (2000). Children's everyday deception and performance on false-belief tasks. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18, 297-317.
100. Vrij, A., Edward, K., Roberts, K., and BULL, R. (2000). Detecting deceit via analysis of verbal nonverbal behaviour. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 24, 239-263.
99. Barton, J., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (1999). New paradigms in researching police use of firearms. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 12, 8-14.
98. BULL, R. (1999). Police investigative interviewing. In A. Memon and R. Bull (Eds.). Handbook of the psychology of interviewing. Chichester: Wiley.
97. BULL, R. and Clifford, B. (1999). Earwitness testimony. In A. Heaton-Armstrong, E. Shepherd and D. Wolchover (Eds.) Witness testimony: Psychological, investigative and evidential perspectives. London: Blackstone.
96. BULL, R. and Clifford, B. (1999). Earwitness testimony. Medicine, Science and Law, 39, 120-127.
95. Köhnken, G., Milne, R., Memon, A., and BULL, R. (1999). The cognitive interview: A meta-analysis. Psychology, Crime and Law, 5, 3-28.
94. Memon, A. and BULL, R. (Eds.) (1999). Handbook of the psychology of interviewing. Chichester: Wiley.
93. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (1999). Investigative interviewing: Psychology and practice. Chichester: Wiley. Published in German in Japanese and in Polish in 2003.
92. Milne, R., Clare, I., and BULL, R. (1999). The use of the cognitive interview for adults with mild learning disabilities. Psychology, Crime and Law, 5, 81-100.
91. Memon, A., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (1998). Psychology and law: Truthfulness, accuracy and credibility. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. (Also published in Polish.)
90. BULL, R. (1997). Interviewing children in the forensic context. In L. Greuel, T. Fabian and M. Stadler (Eds.) Psychologie der zeugenaussage. Weinheim: Psychologie Verlags Union.
89. BULL, R. (1997). Entrevistas a ninos testigos. In F. Farina and R. Arce (Eds.) Psicologia e investigacion judicial. Madrid: Fundacion Universidad-Empresa.
88. Memon, A., Wark, L., BULL, R., and Köhnken, G. (1997). Isolating the effects of the cognitive interview techniques. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 187-198.
87. Memon, A., Wark, L., Holley, A., BULL, R., and Köhnken, G. (1997). Eyewitness performance in cognitive and structured interviews. Memory, 5, 639-656.
86. Memon, A., Wark, L., Holley, A., BULL, R., and Köhnken, G. (1997). Context reinstatement in the laboratory: How useful is it? In D. Payne and F. Conrad (Eds.) Intersections in basic and applied memory research. New York: Erlbaum.
85. Ost, J., Fellows, B., and BULL, R. (1997). Individual differences and the suggestibility of human memory. Contemporary Hypnosis, 14, 137-142.
84. Poole, D., Lindsay, D.S., Memon, A., and BULL, R. (1997). Did Pope (1996) read a different Poole, Lindsay, Memon, and Bull (1995)? Comment on 'Memory, abuse and science'. American Psychologist, 52, 990-993.
83. Akehurst, L., Köhnken, G., Vrij, A., and BULL, R. (1996). Lay persons' and police officers' beliefs regarding deceptive behaviour. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 461-473.
82. BULL, R. (1996). Good practice for video recorded interviews with child witnesses for use in criminal proceedings. In G. Davies, S. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran and C. Wilson (Eds.) Psychology, law and criminal justice. Berlin: de Gruyter.
81. BULL, R. and Davies, G. (1996). Child witness research in England. In B. Bottoms and G. Goodman (Eds.) International perspectives on child abuse and children's testimony. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
80. Cherryman, J. and BULL, R. (1996). Investigative interviewing. In F. Leishman, B. Loveday and S. Savage (Eds.) Core issues in policing. London: Heinemann.
79. Lindsay, D.S., Poole, D., Memon, A., and BULL, R. (1996). Rejoinder to Pope's (1995) comments regarding Poole, Lindsay, Memon and Bull (1995). Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3, 363-365.
78. Memon, A., Cronin, O., Eaves R., and BULL, R. (1996). An empirical test of the mnemonic components of the cognitive interview. In G. Davies, S. Lloyd-Bostock, M. McMurran and C. Wilson (Eds.). Psychology, law and criminal justice. Berlin: de Gruyter.
77. Memon, A., Holley, A., Wark, L., BULL, R., and Köhnken, G. (1996). Reducing suggestibility in child witness interviews. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 503-518.
76. Memon, A., Wark, L., Holley, A., BULL, R., and Köhnken, G. (1996). Interviewer behavior in investigative interviews. Psychology, Crime and Law, 3, 135-155.
75. Milne, R. and BULL, R. (1996). Interviewing children with mild learning disability with the cognitive interview. In N. Clark and G. Stephenson (Eds.) Investigative and forensic decision making. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
74. Sattar, G. and BULL, R. (1996). Pre-court preparation for child witnesses. In N. Clark and G. Stephenson (Eds.) Investigative and forensic decision making. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
73. Vrij, A., Semin, G., and BULL, R. (1996). Insight into behaviour displayed during deception. Human Communication Research, 22, 544-562.
72. BULL, R. (1995). Interviewing children in legal contexts. In R. Bull and D. Carson (Eds.) Handbook of psychology in legal contexts. Chichester: Wiley.
71. BULL, R. (1995). Interviewing people with communication disabilities. In R. Bull and D. Carson (Eds.) Handbook of psychology in legal contexts. Chichester: Wiley.
70. BULL, R. (1995). Innovative techniques for the questioning of child witnesses especially those who are young and those with learning difficulty. In M. Zaragoza et al (Eds.) Memory and testimony in the child witness. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
69. BULL, R. and Barnes, P. (1995). Children as witnesses. In D. Bancroft and R. Carr (Eds.) Influencing children's development. Oxford: Blackwell.
68. BULL, R. and Carson, D. (Eds.) (1995). Handbook of psychology in legal contexts. Chichester: Wiley.
67. Memon, A., BULL, R., and Smith, M. (1995). Improving the quality of the police interview: Can training in the use of cognitive techniques help? Policing and Society, 5, 53-68.
66. Milne, R., BULL, R., Köhnken, G., and Memon, A. (1995). The cognitive interview and suggestibility. In N. Clark and G. Stephenson (Eds.) Criminal behaviour: Perceptions, attributions and rationality. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
65. Poole, D., Lindsay, D.S., Memon, A., and BULL, R. (1995). Psychotherapy and recovery of memories of childhood sexual abuse: U.S. and British practitioners' opinions, practices and experiences. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 426-437.
64. BULL, R. and Horncastle, P. (1994). Evaluation of police recruit training involving psychology. Psychology, Crime and Law, 1, 157-163.
63. Houston, V. and BULL, R. (1994). Do people avoid sitting next to someone who is facially disfigured? European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 279-284.
62. Memon, A., Holley, A., Milne, R., Köhnken, G., and BULL, R. (1994). Towards understanding the effects of interviewer training in evaluating the cognitive interview. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8, 641 659.
61. Vrij, A., Semin, G., and BULL, R. (1994). Insight behaviour displayed during deception. Gedrag en Organisatie, 4, 204-215.
60. Brown, J., Maidment, A., and BULL, R. (1993). Appropriate skill-task matching or gender bias in police deployments of male and female police officers. Policing and Society, 3, 121-136.
59. Flin, R., BULL, R., Boon, J., and Knox, A. (1993). Child witnesses in Scottish criminal trials. International Review of Victimology, 2, 309-329.
58. Memon, A., Cronin, O., Eaves, R., and BULL, R. (1993). The cognitive interview and child witnesses. In N. Clark and G. Stephenson (Eds.) Children, evidence and procedure. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
57. BULL, R. (1992). Obtaining evidence expertly: The reliability of interviews with child witnesses. Expert Evidence, 1, 5-12.
56. Flin, R., Boon, J., Knox, A., and BULL, R. (1992). The effect of a five month delay on children's and adults' eyewitness memory. British Journal of Psychology, 83, 323-336.
55. Flin, R., BULL, R., Boon, J., and Knox, A. (1992). Children in the witness box. In H. Dent and R. Flin (Eds.) Children as witnesses. Chichester: Wiley.
54. Houston, V., and BULL, R. (1992). Children's reactions to faces before and after surgery. Journal of Social Psychology, 132, 557-559.
53. BULL, R. (1991). Commentary: The issue of relevance . In J. Doris (Ed.) The suggestibility of children's recollections. Washington: American Psychological Association.
52. Memon, A. and BULL, R. (1991). The cognitive interview: Its origins, empirical support, evaluation and practical implications. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 291-307.
51. Flin, R. and BULL, R. (1990). Child witnesses in Scottish criminal prosecutions. In J. Spencer, G. Nicholson, R. Flin and R. BULL (Eds.) Children's evidence in legal proceedings. Cambridge: Faculty of Law.
50. Spencer, J., Nicholson, G., Flin, R., and BULL, R. (Eds.) 1990. Children's evidence in legal proceedings. Cambridge: Faculty of Law.
49. BULL, R. (1989). Can training enhance the detection of deception? In J. Yuille (Ed.) Credibility assessment. Deventer: Kluwer.
48. BULL, R. and Horncastle, P. (1989). An evaluation of human awareness training. In R. Morgan and D. Smith (Eds.) Coming to terms with policing. London: Tavistock.
47. BULL, R. (1988). Gathering eyewitness testimony. In G. Breakwell, H. Foot and R. Gilmour (Eds.) Doing social psychology: Laboratory and field exercises. New York: Cambridge University Press.
46. BULL, R. (1988). What is the lie-detection test? In A. Gale (Ed.) The polygraph test: Lies, truth and science. London: Sage.
45. BULL, R. and Horncastle, P. (1988). Evaluating training: The London Metropolitan Police's recruit training in human awareness/policing skills. In P. Southgate (Ed.) New directions in police training. London: HMSO.
44. BULL, R. and Horncastle, P. (1988). Evaluations of the effectiveness of police training involving psychology. In J. Reese and J. Horn (Eds.) Police psychology: Operational assistance. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice.
43. BULL, R. and Rumsey, N. (1988). The social psychology of facial appearance. New York: Springer-Verlag. (In 1989 The American Library Association (College and Research Librarians section) selected this book as 'One of the Outstanding Academic Books of 1988'). Published in Japanese in 1992.
42. BULL, R. (1986). An evaluation of police recruit training in human awareness. In J. Yuille (Ed.) Police training and selection: The role of psychology. Dordrecht: Nijhoff.
41. BULL, R. and Brooking, J. (1986). Does marriage influence whether a facially disfigured person is judged to be physically unattractive? Journal of Psychology, 119, 163-167.
40. BULL, R. and David, I. (1986). Nigerian and English nurses' and office workers' ratings of normal and scarred faces. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 17, 99-108.
39. Elliot, M., BULL, R., James, D., and Lansdown, R. (1986). Adults' and children's reactions to photographs taken before and after facial surgery. Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 14, 18-21.
38. Rumsey, N. and BULL, R. (1986). The effects of facial disfigurement of social interaction. Human Learning, 5, 203-208.
37. Rumsey, N., BULL, R., and Gahagan, D. (1986). A developmental study of children's stereotyping of facially deformed adults. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 269-274.
36. Rumsey, N., BULL, R., and Gahagan, D. (1986). A preliminary study of the potential of social skills for improving the quality of social interaction for the facially disfigured. Social Behaviour, 1, 143-145.
35. BULL, R. (1985). Society's reaction to facial deformity. In J. A. Graham and A. Kligman (Eds.) The psychology of cosmetic treatments. New York: Praegar.
34. Kerr, N., BULL, R., MacCoun, R., and Rathborn, H. (1985). Effects of victim attractiveness, care and disfigurement on the judgements of American and British mock jurors. British Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 47-58.
33. BULL, R. (1984). Psychology's contribution to policing. In D. Muller, D. Blackman and A. Chapman (Eds.) Psychology and law. Chichester: Wiley.
32. BULL, R. and Clifford, B. (1984). Earwitness voice recognition accuracy. In G. Wells and E. Loftus (Eds.) Eyewitness testimony: Psychological perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. BULL, R., Bustin, R., Evans, P., and Gahagan, D. (1983). Psychology for police officers. Chichester: Wiley. (Reprinted, 1985).
30. BULL, R., Jenkins, M., and Stevens, J. (1983). Evaluation of politicians' faces. Political Psychology, 4, 713-716.
29. BULL, R., Rathborn, H., and Clifford, B. (1983). The voice recognition accuracy of blind listeners. Perception, 12, 223-226.
28. BULL, R. (1982). Can experimental psychology be applied psychology? In S. Canter and D. Canter (Eds.) Psychology in practice. Chichester: Wiley.
27. BULL, R. (1982). Gathering eyewitness testimony. In G. Breakwell, H. Foot and R. Gilmour (Eds.) Social psychology: A practical manual. London: Macmillan.
26. BULL, R. (1982). Physical appearance and criminality. Current Psychological Reviews, 2, 269-282.
25. BULL, R. (1982). Witnesses' ability to identify voices. In A. Trankell (Ed.) Reconstructing the past. Deventer: Norstedts.
24. BULL, R. and Hawkes, C. (1982). Judging politicians by their faces. Political Studies, 30, 95-101.
23. Rumsey, N., BULL, R., and Gahagan, D. (1982). The effects of facial disfigurement on the proxemic behaviour of the general public. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 12, 137-150.
22. BULL, R. (1981). Voice identification by man and machine: A review of research. In S. Lloyd-Bostock (Ed.) Psychology in legal contexts. London: Macmillan.
21. BULL, R. and Gibson-Robinson, E. (1981). The effects of eye-gaze, style of dress and locality on the amounts of money donated to a charity. Human Relations, 10, 895-905.
20. BULL, R. and Stevens, J. (1981). The relationship between ratings of persons' facial appearance and ratings of their conversations. Language and Speech, 24, 285-291.
19. BULL, R. and Stevens, J. (1981). The effects of facial disfigurement on helping behaviour. Italian Journal of Psychology, 8, 25-32.
18. Clifford, B., Rathborn, H., and BULL, R. (1981). The effects of delay interval on voice identification. Law and Human Behavior, 5, 201-208.
17. Rathborn, H., BULL, R., and Clifford, B. (1981). Voice recognition over the telephone. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 9, 280-284.
16. BULL, R. and Green, J. (1980). The relationship between physical appearance and criminality. Medicine, Science and Law, 20, 79-83.
15. BULL, R. (1979). Eyewitnesses also have ears. In M. Gruneberg, P. Morris and R. Sykes (Eds.) Proceedings of the international conference on practical aspects of memory. London: Academic Press.
14. BULL, R. (1979). The influences of stereotypes on person identification. In D. Farrington, K. Hawkins and S. Lloyd-Bostock (Eds.) Psychology, law and legal processes. London: Macmillan.
13. BULL, R. (1979). The psychological significance of facial deformity. In M. Cook and G. Wilson (Eds.) Love and attraction. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
12. BULL, R. and Stevens, J. (1979). The effects of attractiveness of writer and penmanship on essay grades. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 53-59.
11. BULL, R. and Clifford, B. (1979). Eyewitness memory. In M. Gruneberg and P. Morris (Eds.) Applied problems in memory. London: Academic Press.
10. Clifford, B. and BULL, R. (1978). The psychology of person identification. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
9. BULL, R. (1975). Psychology, clothing and fashion: A review. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 28, 459-465.
8. BULL, R. and Gale, A. (1975). Electrodermal activity recorded concomitantly from the subjects' two hands. Psychophysiology, 12, 94-97.
7. BULL, R. and Reid, R. L. (1975). Police officers' recall of information. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 48, 73-78.
6. BULL, R. and Gale, A. (1974). Does the law of initial value apply to the galvanic skin response? Biological Psychology, 1, 213-227.
5. BULL, R. and Gale, A. (1973). The reliability of and interrelationships between various measures of electrodermal activity. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 200-206.
4. BULL, R. and Nethercott, R. (1972). Physiological recovery and personality. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 297.
3. Gale, A., BULL, R., and Haslum, M. (1972). Cumulative expectancy, subjective report of alertness and electrodermal activity. Psychophysiology, 9, 383-392.
2. Gale, A., BULL, R., Penfold, V., Coles, M., and Barraclough, R. (1972). Extraversion, time of day, vigilance performance and physiological arousal: Failure to replicate traditional findings. Psychonomic Science, 29, 1-5.
1. BULL, R. and Gale, A. (1971). The relationship between some measures of the galvanic skin response. Psychonomic Science, 25, 293-294.
SourceRay Bull's CV
ConventionsInternational Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) - Ottawa 1996 ISBN ISBN 0-9696035-3-3
National Council on Archives, Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997

Show related catalogue records.

Catalogue
RefNoTitleDates
BPS/001/11/04/02/04/10Psychological Aspects of Policing Press Launch 19851985
PHO/001/02/67Bull, Ray - Photograph1991
AUD/002/OHP 82Bull, Ray - Recording24 January 2012
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